Sexual orientation

Line 1:

its the stuff that you into[[Category:Sexual orientation]]

−

−

'''Sexual orientation''' is an enduring pattern of [[Romance|romantic]] or [[Sexual attraction|sexual]] attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the "opposite" [[sex]] or [[gender]], the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender. These attractions are generally subsumed under [[heterosexuality]], [[homosexuality]], and [[bisexuality]],<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis">{{cite web|title=Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|accessdate=August 10, 2013|url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx|archivedate=August 8, 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx}}</ref><ref name="AmPsychiAssn-Sexual orientation">{{Cite web|title=Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=January 1, 2013|url=http://healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx|archivedate=July 22, 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110722080052/http://www.healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx}}</ref> while [[asexuality]] (the lack of sexual attraction to others) is sometimes identified as the fourth category.<ref name="Prause">{{cite book|last=Prause|first=Nicole|author2=Cynthia A. Graham |date=August 2004|url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/publications/PDF/PrauseGrahamPDF.pdf|title=Asexuality: Classification and Characterization|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|volume=36|pages=341–356|accessdate=31 August 2007|doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9142-3|format=PDF|pmid=17345167|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="Sexual orientation">{{cite book|last=Melby|first=Todd|title=Asexuality gets more attention, but is it a sexual orientation?|journal=Contemporary Sexuality|date=November 2005|volume=39|issue=11|pages=1, 4–5}}</ref><ref name="Sex and society">{{cite book|title=Sex and Society|volume=2|pages=82–83|isbn=978-0-7614-7905-5|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|year=2009|editor=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|contribution=Asexuality|accessdate=February 2, 2013|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aVDZchwkIMEC&pg=PA82}}</ref><ref name="Bogaert2006">{{cite book | last1 = Bogaert | first1 = Anthony F | year = 2006 | title = Toward a conceptual understanding of asexuality | url = http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18172400| journal = Review of General Psychology | volume = 10 | issue = 3| pages = 241–250 | doi=10.1037/1089-2680.10.3.241}}</ref> These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of [[sexual identity]].<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> For example, people may use other labels, such as ''[[Pansexuality|pansexual]]'' or ''[[Polysexuality|polysexual]]'',<ref name="Firestein">{{cite book | first = Beth A.| last = Firestein | title = Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan | publisher = [[Columbia University Press]]|page = 9| year = 2007| accessdate = October 3, 2012 | isbn =0231137249| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=1pCKkZmBU1EC&pg=PA9}}</ref> or none at all.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> According to the [[American Psychological Association]], sexual orientation "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions".<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/><ref name="Calif-amici">{{cite web|url=http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/Amer_Psychological_Assn_Amicus_Curiae_Brief.pdf Page 30|title=Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(...) - APA California Amicus Brief — As Filed|page=33 n. 60 (p. 55 per Adobe Acrobat Reader);citation per ''id.'', Brief, p. 6 n. 4 (p. 28 per Adobe Acrobat Reader).|format=PDF |accessdate=March 13, 2013}}</ref>

−

The term ''sexual preference'' largely overlaps with sexual orientation, but is generally distinguished in psychological research.<ref name="Preference">{{cite news|title= Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|accessdate=July 19, 2011|url=http://www.colby.edu/psychology/APA/Gender.pdf}}</ref> A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other.<ref name="Rosario">{{cite book | last1 = Rosario | first1 = M. | last2 = Schrimshaw | first2 = E. | last3 = Hunter | first3 = J. | last4 = Braun | first4 = L. | year = 2006 | title = Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time | url = | journal = Journal of Sex Research | volume = 43 | issue = 1| pages = 46–58 | doi=10.1080/00224490609552298}}</ref> ''Sexual preference'' may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice,<ref name="Preference"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The republic of choice: law, authority, and culture |last=Friedman |first=Lawrence Meir |authorlink= |year=1990 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location= |isbn=978-0-674-76260-2 |page=92 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Z6iYwTFY5mIC&lpg=PA92|accessdate=8 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sexual revolutions: psychoanalysis, history and the father |last=Heuer |first=Gottfried |authorlink= |year=2011 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location= |isbn=978-0-415-57043-5 |page=49 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=d3s_vH5YV-gC&lpg=PA49|accessdate=8 January 2011}}</ref> whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice.<ref name="pediatrics2004">{{cite book |doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113 |issue=6 |pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref name="rcp2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe/psychiatryandlgbpeople.aspx#history|title=Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality |publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=shatb>{{cite book | last1 = Garcia-Falgueras | first1 = Alicia | last2 = Swaab | first2 = Dick F | year = 2010 | title = Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation | url = | journal = Endocrine Development | volume = 17 | issue = | pages = 22–35 | doi=10.1159/000262525 | pmid=19955753}} (authors are of Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, of [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]) (author contact is 2d author) (vol. 17 is Sandro Loche, Marco Cappa, Lucia Ghizzoni, Mohamad Maghnie, & Martin O. Savage, eds., ''Pediatric Neuroendocrinology'').</ref>

−

There is no consensus among scientists about why a person develops a particular sexual orientation.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> Many scientists think that nature and nurture – a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences – factor into the cause of sexual orientation.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/><ref name="Frankowski">{{cite book|doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827|author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113|issue=6 |pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref> They favor biologically-based theories,<ref name="Frankowski"/> which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors.<ref name="rcp2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe.aspx|title=Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality|publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Långström2010">{{Cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1}}</ref> There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation;<ref name="rcp2007"/> when it comes to same-sex sexual behavior, shared or familial environment plays no role for men and a minor role for women.<ref name="Långström2010"/> Research over several decades has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the "opposite" sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/>

−

Sexual orientation is reported primarily within biology and psychology (including [[sexology]]), but it is also a subject area in anthropology, history (including social constructionism), and law,<ref name=Cruz>{{cite book|last1=Cruz|first1=David B.|title=Controlling Desires: Sexual Orientation Conversion and the Limits of Knowledge and Law|journal=Southern California Law Review|date=1999|volume=72|page=1297|url=http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~usclrev/pdf/072502.pdf|accessdate=May 2015}}</ref> and there are other explanations that relate to sexual orientation and culture.

−

==References++

−

⚫

[[Category:Sexual orientation]]

Sexuality Wiki

Changes: Sexual orientation

Revision as of 03:55, 9 June 2020

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
+its the stuff that you into[[Category:Sexual orientation]]
-[[File:Placeholder|video|right|300px]] [[File:Placeholder|right|300px]]
-'''Sexual orientation''' is an enduring pattern of [[Romance|romantic]] or [[Sexual attraction|sexual]] attraction (or a combination of these) to persons of the "opposite" [[sex]] or [[gender]], the same sex or gender, or to both sexes or more than one gender.<!-- NOTE: "Sex" and "gender" are not always the same thing; for example, "sex" may refer to "biological sex" (being male or female), while "gender" may refer to a person's gender identity of being a man or a woman; therefore, like the Heterosexuality, Homosexuality and Bisexuality articles, we have included both in the lead. --> These attractions are generally subsumed under [[heterosexuality]], [[homosexuality]], and [[bisexuality]],<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis">{{cite web|title=Sexual orientation, homosexuality and bisexuality|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|accessdate=August 10, 2013|url=http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx|archivedate=August 8, 2013|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20130808032050/http://www.apa.org/helpcenter/sexual-orientation.aspx}}</ref><ref name="AmPsychiAssn-Sexual orientation">{{Cite web|title=Sexual Orientation|publisher=[[American Psychiatric Association]]|accessdate=January 1, 2013|url=http://healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx|archivedate=July 22, 2011|archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/20110722080052/http://www.healthyminds.org/More-Info-For/GayLesbianBisexuals.aspx}}</ref> while [[asexuality]] (the lack of sexual attraction to others) is sometimes identified as the fourth category.<ref name="Prause">{{cite book|last=Prause|first=Nicole|author2=Cynthia A. Graham  |date=August 2004|url=http://www.kinseyinstitute.org/publications/PDF/PrauseGrahamPDF.pdf|title=Asexuality: Classification and Characterization|journal=Archives of Sexual Behavior|volume=36|pages=341–356|accessdate=31 August 2007|doi=10.1007/s10508-006-9142-3|format=PDF|pmid=17345167|issue=3}}</ref><ref name="Sexual orientation">{{cite book|last=Melby|first=Todd|title=Asexuality gets more attention, but is it a sexual orientation?|journal=Contemporary Sexuality|date=November 2005|volume=39|issue=11|pages=1, 4–5}}</ref><ref name="Sex and society">{{cite book|title=Sex and Society|volume=2|pages=82–83|isbn=978-0-7614-7905-5|publisher=[[Marshall Cavendish]]|year=2009|editor=Marshall Cavendish Corporation|contribution=Asexuality|accessdate=February 2, 2013|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=aVDZchwkIMEC&pg=PA82}}</ref><ref name="Bogaert2006">{{cite book | last1 = Bogaert | first1 = Anthony F | year = 2006 | title = Toward a conceptual understanding of asexuality | url = http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheN&cpsidt=18172400| journal = Review of General Psychology | volume = 10 | issue = 3| pages = 241–250 | doi=10.1037/1089-2680.10.3.241}}</ref> These categories are aspects of the more nuanced nature of [[sexual identity]].<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> For example, people may use other labels, such as ''[[Pansexuality|pansexual]]'' or ''[[Polysexuality|polysexual]]'',<ref name="Firestein">{{cite book | first = Beth A.| last = Firestein | title = Becoming Visible: Counseling Bisexuals Across the Lifespan | publisher = [[Columbia University Press]]|page = 9| year = 2007| accessdate = October 3, 2012 | isbn =0231137249| url = http://books.google.com/books?id=1pCKkZmBU1EC&pg=PA9}}</ref> or none at all.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> According to the [[American Psychological Association]], sexual orientation "also refers to a person's sense of identity based on those attractions, related behaviors, and membership in a community of others who share those attractions".<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/><ref name="Calif-amici">{{cite web|url=http://www.courts.ca.gov/documents/Amer_Psychological_Assn_Amicus_Curiae_Brief.pdf Page 30|title=Case No. S147999 in the Supreme Court of the State of California, In re Marriage Cases Judicial Council Coordination Proceeding No. 4365(...) - APA California Amicus Brief&nbsp;— As Filed|page=33 n. 60 (p. 55 per Adobe Acrobat Reader);citation per ''id.'', Brief, p. 6 n. 4 (p. 28 per Adobe Acrobat Reader).|format=PDF |accessdate=March 13, 2013}}</ref>
-The term ''sexual preference'' largely overlaps with sexual orientation, but is generally distinguished in psychological research.<ref name="Preference">{{cite news|title= Avoiding Heterosexual Bias in Language|publisher=[[American Psychological Association]]|accessdate=July 19, 2011|url=http://www.colby.edu/psychology/APA/Gender.pdf}}</ref> A person who identifies as bisexual, for example, may sexually prefer one sex over the other.<ref name="Rosario">{{cite book | last1 = Rosario | first1 = M. | last2 = Schrimshaw | first2 = E. | last3 = Hunter | first3 = J. | last4 = Braun | first4 = L. | year = 2006 | title = Sexual identity development among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youths: Consistency and change over time | url = | journal = Journal of Sex Research | volume = 43 | issue = 1| pages = 46–58 | doi=10.1080/00224490609552298}}</ref> ''Sexual preference'' may also suggest a degree of voluntary choice,<ref name="Preference"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The republic of choice: law, authority, and culture |last=Friedman |first=Lawrence Meir |authorlink= |year=1990 |publisher=Harvard University Press |location= |isbn=978-0-674-76260-2 |page=92 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Z6iYwTFY5mIC&lpg=PA92|accessdate=8 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Sexual revolutions: psychoanalysis, history and the father |last=Heuer |first=Gottfried |authorlink= |year=2011 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |location= |isbn=978-0-415-57043-5 |page=49 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=d3s_vH5YV-gC&lpg=PA49|accessdate=8 January 2011}}</ref> whereas the scientific consensus is that sexual orientation is not a choice.<ref name="pediatrics2004">{{cite book |doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents |journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113 |issue=6 |pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref name="rcp2007">{{cite web |url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe/psychiatryandlgbpeople.aspx#history|title=Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality |publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref><ref name=shatb>{{cite book | last1 = Garcia-Falgueras | first1 = Alicia | last2 = Swaab | first2 = Dick F | year = 2010 | title = Sexual Hormones and the Brain: An Essential Alliance for Sexual Identity and Sexual Orientation | url = | journal = Endocrine Development | volume = 17 | issue = | pages = 22–35 | doi=10.1159/000262525 | pmid=19955753}} (authors are of Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, of [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]) (author contact is 2d author) (vol. 17 is Sandro Loche, Marco Cappa, Lucia Ghizzoni, Mohamad Maghnie, & Martin O. Savage, eds., ''Pediatric Neuroendocrinology'').</ref>
-There is no consensus among scientists about why a person develops a particular sexual orientation.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/> Many scientists think that nature and nurture&nbsp;– a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences&nbsp;– factor into the cause of sexual orientation.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/><ref name="Frankowski">{{cite book|doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827|author=Frankowski BL|author2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence|title=Sexual orientation and adolescents|journal=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]]|volume=113|issue=6 |pages=1827–32 |date=June 2004|pmid=15173519|url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref> They favor biologically-based theories,<ref name="Frankowski"/> which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors.<ref name="rcp2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe.aspx|title=Submission to the Church of England’s Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality|publisher=The Royal College of Psychiatrists|accessdate=13 June 2013}}</ref><ref name="Långström2010">{{Cite doi|10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1}}</ref> There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation;<ref name="rcp2007"/> when it comes to same-sex sexual behavior, shared or familial environment plays no role for men and a minor role for women.<ref name="Långström2010"/> Research over several decades has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the "opposite" sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.<ref name="AmPsycholAssn-whatis"/>
-Sexual orientation is reported primarily within biology and psychology (including [[sexology]]), but it is also a subject area in anthropology, history (including social constructionism), and law,<ref name=Cruz>{{cite book|last1=Cruz|first1=David B.|title=Controlling Desires: Sexual Orientation Conversion and the Limits of Knowledge and Law|journal=Southern California Law Review|date=1999|volume=72|page=1297|url=http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~usclrev/pdf/072502.pdf|accessdate=May 2015}}</ref> and there are other explanations that relate to sexual orientation and culture.
-==References++
-{{Reflist}}
-{{Wikipedia}}
-[[Category:Sexual orientation]]